Osgood-Schlatter Disease
What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
Osgood-Schlatter disease is an overuse injury of the knee, frequently diagnosed in the growing and active athlete. This overuse injury results in pain and swelling in the area below the knee on the upper part of the tibia (shin bone). Osgood-Schlatter disease is commonly seen in preteen and teenage boys and girls when they are at the peak of their growth potential.
Osgood-Schlatter disease involves a bump or knot that arises from the upper end of the shin bone, just below the knee. It causes pain with rigorous activities, particularly running or jumping.
Osgood-Schlatter disease occurs at the insertion of the quadriceps mechanism (thigh muscle and tendon) into the tibia (shin bone). The muscle inserts into the patella (knee cap) and from there, the patellar tendon runs down to one of the apophyses (growth centers) called the tibial tubercle. The knee is a hinge joint. The quadriceps pull the tibia forward (extension) while the hamstrings pull the tibia backwards (flexion). This produces the rhythmic and often rigorous back and forth motion of walking or running.
In the case of Osgood-Schlatter disease, the pull of the patellar tendon overworks the apophysis of the tibial tubercle. This produces an inflammation which is uncomfortable. In addition, the body begins to lay down more bone to reinforce the area and the prominence (that all of us have) begins to enlarge.
What can be done for Osgood-Schlatter disease?
Treatment is primarily focused toward decreasing the symptoms in the athlete. The majority of cases respond quickly by applying ice to the knee area, modifying activity and taking anti-inflammatory medicine for seven to 10 days at a time.
In some instances, a knee pad or sleeve may be used to apply pressure, provide support and protect the tender area from being bumped. In addition, physical therapy may be ordered by the physician to instruct the athlete in proper quadriceps and hamstring stretching and strengthening exercises.
There are rarely long lasting side effects of Osgood-Schlatter disease. In a very small percentage of cases, a tiny piece of bone forms in the end of the patellar tendon. This bone fragment can be painful and may require removal through a minor outpatient surgical procedure.
While the symptoms can be very frustrating to the active, competitive athlete, keep in mind that reassurance and symptomatic treatment usually adequate in managing this common sports injury.